Many
government reports have identified that Higher Education (HE) has a duty to not
only educate, but also to improve the employability skills of their graduates
and postgraduates (eg, the 1963 Robbins Report, the 1997 Dearing Report and the
2002 Roberts Review). The Higher
Education Authority defines “employability skills” as
“a set of achievements, (skills, understandings
and personal attributes) that make graduates more likely to gain employment and
be successful in their chosen occupations, which benefits themselves, the
workforce, the community and the economy”.
Work
placements and internships are seen as a key factor in gaining employability
skills. This was supported by a range of institutions providing evidence to the
Select Committee inquiry, including the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Russell
Group of universities, industry (both Small and Medium Enterprises [SMEs] and
large companies) and a student panel.
However,
there was perceived to be a disconnect between this universal support and the
actual provision of industrial placements. The report suggested that a few, select
universities offer STEM placements, and most of these are with large companies.
The majority of SMEs don’t offer placements, partly due to their perceived
value to the company and the resource required to manage them, but also due to
the potential barriers of interacting with Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).
In this
respect, chemistry students are fortunate. Of the 15 highest ranking chemistry
departments in the UK (according to The
Complete University Guide 2013), the vast majority offer an MChem or MSci
course with an industrial placement. This is generally a 12-month placement in
the third year (Bristol, Manchester, Nottingham, Sheffield, Southampton, Surrey
and Warwick), or final year (Durham and York).
The
Scottish universities in the top 15 - Edinburgh, St Andrews and Strathclyde -
offer a 12-month placement in the fourth year of their 5-year chemistry course,
although high achievers may be able to fast-track and avoid taking the first,
foundation year of the programme. Southampton and Warwick additionally offer
MChem courses with a 6-month industrial placement, while Imperial College has
chosen to extend their MSci course to five years, with the fourth year in
industry. Only Oxford and Cambridge do not appear to offer chemistry degrees
with industrial training.
Regarding
internships, the Science Council noted that
“the number of [graduate internship] vacancies
in STEM industries seems to be much
lower than in many other sectors... and that it is easier for a STEM graduate
to find an internship in a business-oriented environment than in a scientific
or technical one... STEM graduates [also]
appear to be less likely than other
graduates to pursue internships. Given the call from employers for graduates
with higher levels of practical and technical skills, it was surprising
therefore that there are very few genuinely scientific or technical internships
for graduates”.
The Select
Committee made two recommendations in this section of the report. First, to
find a way to incentivise employers to offer more work placements and encourage
more students to take them up. Second, to create a central database of available
industrial placements, which could be included in the Graduate Talent Pool service.
This was a site launched in 2009 by the Department for Business,
Innovation and Skills, designed to help new and recent graduates gain work
experience by offering a selection of internships, including in the “scientific
services” sector.
While many
universities already have links with large companies, this service could be an
effective way for SMEs to register their interest in offering scientific
industrial placements. If properly administered, popularised and advertised (to
both clients and companies), this could potentially become the key repository for students and graduates seeking placements
and internships, rather than having to search multiple graduate and job sites.
In the meantime, companies wanting to advertise positions would be well advised
to look to the sites of professional organisations, especially if they follow
the example of Chemistry World Jobs and offer
free advertising for
industrial placements and internships.